Melatonin capsules are a dietary supplement commonly used to aid sleep and manage circadian rhythm disorders, such as insomnia, jet lag, or shift work sleep disorder.

Mechanisms of Action:
Melatonin regulates the body’s sleep–wake cycle by acting on melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) in the brain, particularly in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Supplementing with melatonin mimics the body’s natural rise in melatonin levels at night, promoting drowsiness and helping to reset the body’s internal clock.

Contraindications & Precautions:
Melatonin should be used with caution in individuals with autoimmune disorders, seizure disorders, depression, or hormone-related conditions, as it may influence immune and neuroendocrine function. It may also interact with medications such as anticoagulants, immunosuppressants, anticonvulsants, and certain antidepressants.

Adverse Reactions / Side Effects:
Melatonin is generally well-tolerated, especially when used short-term. Common side effects may include drowsiness, headache, dizziness, and nausea. Less common effects can include vivid dreams, irritability, or mood changes. High doses or long-term use may affect hormonal balance, particularly in adolescents.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:
The safety of melatonin supplementation during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been well established. Although melatonin naturally occurs in the body, taking it as a supplement may influence reproductive hormones. Therefore, its use should be avoided unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider. Breastfeeding mothers should also consult a physician before using melatonin due to the lack of safety data.

Store this medication at 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C) and away from heat, moisture and light. Keep all medicine out of the reach of children. Throw away any unused medicine after the beyond use date. Do not flush unused medications or pour down a sink or drain.

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